Scalp l General anatomy MCQs for dental students

Scalp 3d anatomy l General anatomy MCQ ( multiple choice question) for dental student

THE SCALP 3d anatomy

 

œ  It is the soft tissuess that covers the vault of skull.

œ  It extends from the superciliary arches (eye brows) anteriorly to the superior nuchal lines posteriorly, and on each side to the zygomatic arch.

œ  Layers of the scalp: From superficial to deep, the scalp consists of 5 layers:

(S) Skin :Which contains numerous hair follicles, sebaceous glands and is firmly adherent to the underlying layer

(C) Connective tissue : 

œ  Formed of subcutaneous dense fibrous connective tissue .

œ   It contains the vessels and nerves of scalp & is rich in fat and fibrous septa.

œ  Applied anatomy :

• Infection or hematoma of this layer is usually small, tense & limited due to the presence of the fibrous septa.
• On other hand cut wound in the scalp in this layer leads to severe bleeding due to its rich blood supply as well as the wall of the arteries are unable to contract due to its attachment to the surrounding fibrous septa.

(A) Epicranial  (or galeal ) aponeurosis:

œ  Wide tendon which connects the frontal and occipital bellies of the

occipitofrontalis muscle. It is attached:

1.         Anteriorly: To frontal bellies.
2.         Posteriorly: To occipital bellies.
3.      On each side: To superior temporal lines.

(L) Loose areolar  connective tissue (sub-aponeurotic layer) :

œ  It facilitates movements of the first 3 layer over the shull vault  .

œ   It lies below the aponeurotic layer.

œ  Applied anatomy :

• ¦ It is the dangerous area of the scalp because infection can pass into the cranial cavity via the emissary veins present in it.
• ¦ Subaponeurotic (subgaleal) hematoma usually from emissary veins is usually large , soft , limited by the attachment of galeal apponeurosis  and separates the first 3 layers from the skull bones.

(P) Pericranium : Is the periosteum which covers the vault of skull, and is adherent to its suture lines , carries blood to diploe of the skull

Venous Drainage of Scalp:

a-      The supraorbital vein.

b-     The supratrochlear vein.

-      They drain the anterior part of the scalp and then unite together at the medial angle of the eye to form the anterior facial vein.

c-      The superficial temporal vein: It drains the lateral part of the scalp and enters the upper end of the parotid gland where it unites with the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein.

d-   The posterior auricular vein: It drains the back of the auricle and scalp. It unites with the posterior division of the retromandibular vein to form the external jugular vein.

e-      The occipital vein: It drains the back of scalp into the suboccipital venous plexus present in the suboccipital triangle.

MCQ in face 

MCQ in cranial cavity 

MCQ in orbit

MCQ in infratemporal region

MCQ in Parotid region

MCQ in submandibular region