Cranial cavity l General anatomy MCQs for dental students

Cranial cavity in 3d anatomy l Human anatomy MCQs (multiple choice question) for dental students 

 More MCQ on cranial cavity for general anatomy

1. Regarding the relations of the pituitary gland, which is true? *

A.    It is related anteriorly to the optic tract.

B.     It is related inferiorly to the maxillary air sinus.

C.     Lies above the body of the sphenoid bone.

D.    Lies above the cavernous sinuses.

E.     Lies below the tentorium cerebelli .

2. Regarding the relations of the pituitary gland, it lies: *

A.    Above the cavernous sinuses.

B.     Below the tentorium cerebelli.

C.     Directly above the maxillary air sinus.

D.    In the fossa of the body of the ethmoid bone.

E.     Posterior to the optic chiasma.

3- Which of the following dural venous sinus is NOT related to a dural fold?  *

A) Inferior sagittal sinus      

B) Sigmoid sinus

C) Transverse sinus    

D) Superior sagittal sinus    

E) Superior petrosal sinus   

4- Regarding the parotid gland: *

a)      Contains the internal carotid artery

b)      Has a duct that opens in the floor of the mouth

c)      Its secretomotor nerve supply is derived from the facial nerve

d)      Receives parasympathetic nerve fibers whose cells bodies are in the otic ganglion

e)      The facial nerve is the deepest structure passing within it

5. During childbirth, an excessive anteroposterior compression of the head may  tear the attachment of the falx cerebri from the tentorium cerebelli. The bleeding that follows is likely to be from which of the following venous sinuses?

A. Occipital sinus     

B. Sigmoid sinus

C. Straight sinus       

D. Superior sagittal sinus  

E. Transverse sinus

6. The cavernous sinus receives blood directly from

A. Internal jugular vein    

B. Sigmoid sinus

C. Sphenoparietal vein     

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

7. Regarding dural venous sinuses

A.    They lie in the epidural space

B.     The superior sagittal sinus lies primarily within the falx cerebelli

C.     The left transverse sinus is the continuation of inferior sagittal sinus

D.    The sphenoparital sinus drains into cavernous sinus

E.     The inferior petrosal sinus lies within the attached border of tentorium  cerebelli

8. The superior sagittal sinus

A.    Drains primarily into the straight sinus

B.     Receives anterior middle meningeal vein

C.     Communicates directly with veins in the nasal cavity via the inferior orbital  fissure

D.    Communicates with anterior facial vein through inferior orbital fissure

E.     Lies in the upper border of falx cerebri.

9. The transverse sinus

A.    Grooves the temporal bone

B.     Runs in the free margin of tentorium cerebelli

C.     The right one is usually formed by continuation of inferior sagittal sinus

D.    Receives superior petrosal venous sinus

E.     Is related to upper border of petrous bone

10. The inferior petrosal venous sinus connects the cavernous sinus with:

A. Sigmoid sinus        

B. Transverse sinus

C. Occipital sinus       

D.Internal jugular vein

E. Suboccipital venous plexus

11. The cavernous sinus

A.    Contains the ophthalmic artery.

B.     Is related laterally to the trochlear nerve.

C.     Is related laterally to the abducent nerve.

D.    Is related medially to the sphenoid air sinus.

E.     Drains directly into the superior sagittal sinus.

 

12) The nerves pass in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus include:

A.    The ophthalmic division of the trigeminal Nerve.

B.     The sixth cranial nerve.

C.     The anterior ethmoidal nerve.

D.    The optic nerve.

E.     The ophthalmic artery.

13) The cavernous sinus

A.    Contain all the nerves supplying the extraocular muscles

B.     Is situated above the pituitary gland

C.     Lies behind the inferior orbital fissure

D.    Contains the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

E.     Contains the internal jugular vein

14) In the cavernous sinus

A.    The optic nerve lies at its lateral wall.

B.     The abducent nerve lies medial to the internal carotid artery.

C.     The maxillary division of the trigeminal lies below the ophthalmic division of  the trigeminal nerve.

D.    The trigeminal ganglion lies above it.

E.     Is connected to the opposite one by basilar plexus of veins.

15) The emissary vein connecting the sigmoid sinus with occipital vein passes through

A. Foramen ovale      

B. Posterior condylar canal

C. Jugular foramen    

D. Hypoglossal canal

E. Mastoid foramen

16) The emissary vein connecting the sigmoid sinus with suboccipital venous  plexus passes through

A. Foramen ovale          

B. Mastoid foramen

C. Jugular foramen        

D. Hypoglossal canal

E. Posterior condylar canal

17. The fold of dura separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the

A. falx cerebri 

B. falx cerebelli

C. tentorium cerebelli 

D. diaphragma sellae

E. incisura 

18) The emissary vein connecting the cavernous sinus with pterygoid plexus  passes through

A Foramen ovale            

B. Mastoid foramen

C. Foramen ceacum        

D. Hypoglossal canal

E. Posterior condylar canal

19) The pituitary gland

A.    Lies in the hypophyseal fossa of the temporal bone

B.     Is supplied by branches arise from circle of Willis

C.     Is entirely ectodermal in origin

D.    The posterior lobe surrounds the anterior lobe.

E.     Has neural connections with the thalamus

20) The pituitary gland

A.    Is situated above the optic nerve

B.     If enlarged with adenoma can cause binasal hemianopia.

C.     Has a portal circulation drain into the portal vein

D.    Contains pars tuberalis in the posterior lobe

E.     Is covered by one of the dural folds 

CRANIAL CAVITY in 3d anatomy

Inside the Cranial Cavity the brain is enveloped by the meninges : dura mater , arachnoid mater & pia mater (from outside inwards)

DURA MATER :

v  Definition : 

it is the outer layer of the 3 meninges & is formed of strong white fibrous tissue.

v  Consists of 2 layers : 

an outer layer (endosteum) , an inner layer (dura proper)

v  These 2 fibrous layers are closely adherent together except in certain areas where :

1. (1)    the inner layer separates from the outer layer to form a dural Venous sinus ·
2. (2)    the inner layer is reduplicated to form an inward protecting dural fold

Dural Folds

v  They are double sheet of inner layer of dura, separate different parts of the brain supporting them.

v  FUNCTION :

1. they partially subdivide the Cranial Cavity into Compartments thus minimizing the effect of vibrations & Shocks on the brain.
2. they support the upper parts of the brain thus protecting its lower parts from being pressed on.

Emissary Veins

Definition:

• Are valveless veins connecting veins in scalp or face (extra cranial) with venous dural sinuses (intracranial) and they pass through emissary foramina in the skull.

Significance:

•     They equalize the pressure outside and inside the skull.
•      Infection in scalp or face may extend through these veins to the inside of the skull leading to septic thrombosis of the sinuses (e.g. cavernous sinus thrombosis).

Sites and distribution

v Emissary veins connected to superior sagittal sinus:

1)      Emissary vein from the nose, passing in foramen coecum.

2)      Parietal emissary veins from occipital veins of the scalp via parietal emissary foramen.

v Emissary veins connected to sigmoid sinus:

3)      Mastoid emissary veins from posterior auricular or occipital veins.

4)      Anterior condylar emissary veins from internal jugular vein.

5)      Posterior condylar emissary veins from suboccipital venous plexus.

v Emissary veins connected to cavernous sinus:

6)      From pterygoid venous plexus through foramen ovale.

7)      From pharyngeal venous plexus or IJV through carotid canal.

8)      From pterygoid & pharyngeal venous plexuses 2-3 emissary veins traverse foramen lacerum.

9)      The ophthalmic veins to the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins.

10)  Inferior petrosal sinus to internal jugular vein.

• NB 9 & 10 may be considered as emissary veins.

Diploic veins

Definition

• They are valveless venous channels inside the diploe of the skull.

Communication:

• They with the scalp veins, the meningeal veins and the dural venous sinuses.

The main diploic veins:

1- Frontal diploic vein

• Leaves the bone at the supraorbital notch.
• Ends in the supraorbital vein.

2- Anterior parietal diploic vein

• Leaves the bone at the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
• Ends in the sphenoparietal sinus.

3- Posterior parietal diploic vein.

• Leaves the bone at the mastoid angle of the parietal bone.
• Ends in the transverse sinus.

4- Occipital diploic vein

• Leaves the bone at the level of the external occipital protuberance.
• Ends extracranially in the occipital vein or intracranially in the transverse sinus.