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Developmental anomalies of growth l Oral pathology MCQs

ام سي كيو طب اسنان , ام سي كيو اورال باثولوجي





Developmental anomalies of growth  l Oral pathology MCQs (multiple choice question) for dental students


 Developmental anomalies of growth

INTRODUCTION

  • Malformations or defects resulting from disturbance of growth and development are known as
  • developmental anomalies. A large number of such developmental anomalies, which involve the body in general and oral structures in particular can occur during the embryonic life.
  • Manifestations of these defects are evident either at birth or sometimes after birth. These anomalies often have some serious implications on the further growth process of the involved organ in the later phases of life.
  • Moreover, developmental anomalies affecting the teeth are seen more often then any other defects in the oral cavity. These disorders of development of teeth may be due to abnormalities in the differentiation of
  • the dental lamina and the tooth germs (abnormal morphodifferentiation) resulting in defects in the number, size and form of teeth.
  • Besides this, abnormalities in histodifferentiation may cause defective formation of dental hard tissues, resulting in the disturbance of tooth structure. Abnormalities of histodifferentiation occur at a later stage during development than abnormalities of morphodifferentiation.

Types of Developmental Anomalies

  1. Congenital anomalies The defects, which are present at birth or before birth during the intrauterine life, are known as congenital anomalies.
  2. Hereditary developmental anomalies When certain defects are inherited by the offspring from either of his parents, it is called hereditary anomaly. Such types of anomalies are always transmitted through genes.
  3. Acquired anomalies Acquired anomalies develop during intra-uterine life due to some pathological environmental conditions. They are not transmitted through genes.
  4. Hamartomatous anomalies A hamartoma can be defined as an excessive, focal overgrowth of mature, normal calls and tissues, which are native to that particular location. Developmental abnormalities occurring due to such hamartomatous change in the tissue are known as hamartomatous developmental anomalies.
  5. Idiopathic anomalies Developmental abnormalities of unknown cause are called idiopathic anomalies.

 

DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES OF ORAL SOFT TISSUES

ANOMALIES OF LIPS AND PALATE LIP PITS AND FISTULAS

Definition

  • Lip pits are congenital invaginations which can either involve the paramedial portion of the vermilion border of lower and upper lips or the labial commissural area.

Origin

  • Both the lip pits and the commissural pits are developmental malformations, which appear to be inherited as autosomal dominant traits.

Clinical Features

  • The lip pits can be either unilateral or bilateral and are more commonly seen on the lower lip.
  • These pits can be up to 3-4 mm in diameter and may have a depth of up to 2 cm. Often they communicate with an underlying minor salivary gland.
  • Lip pits often show a female predilection and their frequency ranges from 1: 75000 to 1:100000 among Caucasians.
  • Congenital lip pits may occur either as an isolated finding or they may be associated with cleft lip or cleft palate (van der Woude’s syndrome).
  • Mucous secretion is visible at the opening of those pits, which communicate with underlying
  • salivary gland.
  • The commissural pits measure from 1 to 4 mm in diameter, are found either bilaterally or unilaterally and often they have a familial tendency.
  • Commissural pits can occur in association with multiple preauricular pits.
  • Unlike lip pits, the commissural pits are more frequent among males and black people are affected more often than whites.
  • In both the cases of lip pits and commissural pits, there is no sign of inflammation or ulceration and the conditions are harmless.

Treatment

  • While commissural pits require no treatment, the lip pits are sometimes surgically excised for cosmetic reasons.

DOUBLE LIP

  • Double lip is an anomaly characterized by a horizontal fold of redundant mucosal tissue, which is usually located on the inner aspect upper lip, although the lower lip can also be occasionally involved.

Clinical Features

  • Double lip can be either a congenital defect or an acquired defect. The condition is visible as a “cupid’s bow” when the lip is tense but not when the lip is at rest.
  • The defect can occur alone or in association with other anomalies.
  • The double lip in association with blepharochalasis (dropping of the upper eye lid) and non-toxic thyroid enlargement, are known as Ascher’s Syndrome.

Treatment

  • Although it is excised sometimes for cosmetic reasons, double lip mostly requires no treatment.

 


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