Developmental anomalies of growth l Oral pathology MCQs
September 24, 2020
Developmental anomalies of growth l Oral pathology MCQs (multiple choice question) for dental students
Developmental anomalies of growth
INTRODUCTION
Malformations or defects
resulting from disturbance of growth and development are known as
developmental anomalies.
A large number of such developmental anomalies, which involve the body in
general and oral structures in particular can occur during the embryonic life.
Manifestations of these
defects are evident either at birth or sometimes after birth. These anomalies often
have some serious implications on the further growth process of the involved
organ in the later phases of life.
Moreover, developmental
anomalies affecting the teeth are seen more often then any other defects in the
oral cavity. These disorders of development of teeth may be due to
abnormalities in the differentiation of
the dental lamina and
the tooth germs (abnormal morphodifferentiation) resulting in defects in the number,
size and form of teeth.
Besides this, abnormalities
in histodifferentiation may cause defective formation of dental hard tissues,
resulting in the disturbance of tooth structure. Abnormalities of
histodifferentiation occur at a later stage during development than abnormalities
of morphodifferentiation.
Types
of Developmental Anomalies
Congenital
anomalies The defects, which are present at birth or before birth during
the intrauterine life, are known as congenital anomalies.
Hereditary
developmental anomalies When certain defects are inherited by the
offspring from either of his parents, it is called hereditary anomaly. Such
types of anomalies are always transmitted through genes.
Acquired
anomalies Acquired anomalies develop during intra-uterine life due to some
pathological environmental conditions. They are not transmitted through genes.
Hamartomatous
anomalies A hamartoma can be defined as an excessive, focal overgrowth of
mature, normal calls and tissues, which are native to that particular location.
Developmental abnormalities occurring due to such hamartomatous change in the
tissue are known as hamartomatous developmental anomalies.
Idiopathic
anomalies Developmental abnormalities of unknown cause are called
idiopathic anomalies.
DEVELOPMENTAL
ANOMALIES OF ORAL SOFT TISSUES
ANOMALIES
OF LIPS AND PALATE LIP PITS AND FISTULAS
Definition
Lip pits are congenital
invaginations which can either involve the paramedial portion of the vermilion border
of lower and upper lips or the labial commissural area.
Origin
Both the lip pits and
the commissural pits are developmental malformations, which appear to be inherited
as autosomal dominant traits.
Clinical
Features
The lip pits can be
either unilateral or bilateral and are more commonly seen on the lower lip.
These pits can be up to
3-4 mm in diameter and may have a depth of up to 2 cm. Often they communicate
with an underlying minor salivary gland.
Lip pits often show a
female predilection and their frequency ranges from 1: 75000 to 1:100000 among
Caucasians.
Congenital lip pits may
occur either as an isolated finding or they may be associated with cleft lip or
cleft palate (van der Woude’s syndrome).
Mucous secretion is
visible at the opening of those pits, which communicate with underlying
salivary gland.
The commissural pits
measure from 1 to 4 mm in diameter, are found either bilaterally or unilaterally
and often they have a familial tendency.
Commissural pits can
occur in association with multiple preauricular pits.
Unlike lip pits, the
commissural pits are more frequent among males and black people are affected
more often than whites.
In both the cases of lip
pits and commissural pits, there is no sign of inflammation or ulceration and
the conditions are harmless.
Treatment
While commissural pits
require no treatment, the lip pits are sometimes surgically excised for cosmetic
reasons.
DOUBLE
LIP
Double lip is an anomaly
characterized by a horizontal fold of redundant mucosal tissue, which is
usually located on the inner aspect upper lip, although the lower lip can also
be occasionally involved.
Clinical
Features
Double
lip can be either a congenital defect or an acquired defect. The condition is
visible as a “cupid’s bow” when the lip is tense but not when the lip is at
rest.
The
defect can occur alone or in association with other anomalies.
The
double lip in association with blepharochalasis (dropping of the upper eye lid)
and non-toxic thyroid enlargement, are known as Ascher’s Syndrome.
Treatment
Although it is excised
sometimes for cosmetic reasons, double lip mostly requires no treatment.
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